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Musica universalis (lit. universal music, or music of the spheres) is an ancient philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, and planets—as a form of musica (the Medieval Latin name for music). This 'music' is not literally audible, but a harmonic and/or mathematical and/or religious concept. The Greek mathematician and astronomer Pythagoras is frequently credited with originating the concept, which stemmed from his semi mystical, semi

Música criolla is a category of Peruvian music, which combines mainly African, Spanish and Andean influences. Afro Peruvian music was first created by African slaves in Peru during the Colonial Period and beyond. The rhythms include Festejo, Lando, Socabon, Pregon, Zamacueca, and Alcatraz. Many of those were played with a mixture of Spanish and Indian instruments and used the Spanish coplas as lyrics. There were practiced only in private black gatherings until the 1950s, when efforts of some

Musica enchiriadis is an anonymous musical treatise from the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to establish a system of rules for polyphony in classical music. The treatise was once attributed to Hucbald, but this is no longer accepted. Some historians attribute it to Odo of Cluny (879 942). This music theory treatise, along with its companion commentary, Scolica enchiriadis, were widely circulated in medieval manuscripts, typically coupled with Boethius' De Institutione Musica .

Música Ficta is an early music ensemble founded in Bogotá, Colombia, in 1988. The ensemble is specialized in the performance of Latin American and Spanish renaissance and baroque music. It has performed in over 20 countries in Europe, the USA, Latin America, the Far and Middle East. It has recorded for the labels Jade (France), Arion (France), Centaur (USA) and Arts Music (Germany). The ensemble has recorded various unedited or scarcely known works from Latin American musical archives, such as

Música negra is a type of Latin American music initially developed by black slaves in South America, in particular Peru, where it is known as música criolla. Música negra's influences are largely West African music and Spanish music. Notable artists and groups include Lucila Campos, Pepe Vásquez, Susana Baca and Perú Negro. One of the more famous songs in the genre is Peru's Toro Mata .

Musica Antiqua Köln was an early music group that was founded in 1973 by Reinhard Goebel and fellow students from the Conservatory of Music in Cologne. Musica Antiqua Köln devoted itself largely to the performance of the music of the 17th and 18th centuries. The group recorded extensively for Archiv Produktion and received numerous awards, including the Grand Prix International du Disque, Gramophone Award, Diapason d’or, and Grammy nominations. The ensemble disbanded after more than 30 years of

The Musica Angelica Baroque Orchestra is a period chamber orchestra specializing in historically informed performance of music from the Baroque through early Classical eras. They are based in Santa Monica, California. The group was founded in 1993 by lutist Michael Eagan and gambist Mark Chatfield. The group performs regularly at Zipper Hall at Colburn School, as well as the Broad Stage at the Performing Arts Center at Santa Monica College. Martin Haselböck leads the orchestra as its musical

Casa da Música is a major concert hall space in Porto, Portugal which houses the cultural institution of the same name with its three orchestras Orquestra Nacional do Porto, Orquestra Barroca and Remix Ensemble. It was designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas with Office for Metropolitan Architecture and Arup AFA, and was built as part of Porto's project for European Culture Capital in 2001 but was only finished in the first half of 2005 and immediately became an icon in the city. The